I'm Bringing Booty Back!

Yup, it's been just about two years, so we're ripe for a sequel.

myfocuslectric.com member tinilk and his father make a Home Depot run in their FFEs

Way back in the fall of 2013, I went on a senseless rant called "Trunk Wars", retaliating against the repeated implications made by self-proclaimed experts that battery intrusion reduced the trunk of the ICE-based Focus Electric to miniscule, useless proportions. However, armed with facts and data from manufacturer web sites, it was easy to show that the Focus Electric actually had the second-largest trunk of all the affordable pure electric 4-door cars on the market at the time.  And at 14.5 cu ft of available space back there, its trunk was actually larger than a number of compact-class ICE sedans. 

Well, that was then, this is now. A lot has changed in two years.  Today, in 2015, there are almost twice as many affordable 4-door pure electric cars on the market compared to 2013, and as expected, most of the new kids on the block have bigger boots. In fact, three of the four new models provide much more cargo space behind the rear seats than the Focus Electric, which is now ranked fifth in the current field of eight. Moreover, these three newcomers provide a flat floor, rendering battery intrusion, if any, invisible to the naked eye. So for those of you obsessed with having a voluminous rear on an EV that won't cost you an arm and a leg, you now have more than just the LEAF to look at. Take a peek behind the e-Golf, Soul EV and B-Class ED.

Need even more space for your stuff? Gonna have to give up that arm and leg for a Model S. If you're willing and able do that, might as well throw in a left nut for that P85D so you can really haul ass.

Willing to consider pre-owned? How about a used 2012-2014 RAV4 EV? At 38.2 cu ft behind the rear seats, none of the 2015 offerings come close to the capacity and versatility of this cute-ute's cargo space.

Interestingly, what hasn't changed in the past two years is the cargo space provided in 4-door ICE sedans that are potential competition to today's affordable BEVs. In that respect, the Focus Electric's cargo capacity is still on par with popular cars such as the Civic, Corolla, Mercedes CLA, and BMW 3-series, all with about 13 cu ft of trunk space.

 
 Here's a table compiled from data that's readily available online that includes PHEVs, BEVs, 2-doors, 4-doors, sedans, CUVs, not-so-affordable models, and discontinued models. After two years, the LEAF is still king of the affordable plug-ins, followed closely by the e-Golf, PiP, and B-Class ED.

However, with rear seats down, the e-Golf trumps its competition with a whopping maximum of 52.7 cu ft, then the B-Class ED nearly matches it at 51.4 cu ft.  Mitsubishi's i-MiEV and Kia's Soul EV round out the top, both with about 50 cu ft back there.

Now here's a curiosity... am I seeing things, or are there now a couple of BEV "conversions" on the market that match the cargo capacity of  a BEV built on a dedicated platform?  Looks to me like the space behind the rear seats of the e-Golf and B-Class ED are within 10% of the LEAF. Even more surprisingly, particularly to those who still preach superiority of dedicated BEV platforms over shared platforms, is that the max cargo space of the LEAF is over 20 cu ft smaller than the e-Golf and B-Class ED.

So now I'm wondering... what again is the advantage of a dedicated BEV platform?  It just doesn't seem like it's "All About That Bass" anymore...

One Week on ICE

Unlike spring break, there were no excuses this time. No doctor appointments, no baseball practice, and the plant was shut down for the holidays. Come hell or high water, we were driving 500 miles to Flagstaff, Arizona to visit my wife's son and his family. It's their first winter since moving there, so we needed to make sure they're staying warm. Thaw them out if need be.

So, what to drive...  a thousand miles round-trip, two adults, two big kids, two duffle bags for me and the boys, one humungous suitcase for the wife, and a cardboard box filled with presents for the grandkids. Well, with a fleet made up of two short-range BEVs, a PHEV with only 10 cu ft of cargo space, and a thirsty V-8 pickup, the choice was obvious, at least to me: rent. The leading candidate was a Prius V, which on paper has about as much cargo capacity as our RAV4 EV. Unfortunately, the local Toyota dealer was no longer renting one out. So I jumped online and reserved an "Intermediate SUV" with Enterprise.  A RAV4 or similar, as described and depicted it on their web site. That surprised me, since I've always thought of the RAV4 as a "Compact SUV", aka cute-ute. Perhaps the latest evolution of the RAV4 is even bigger than the last, catapulting into a larger class of SUV.

I've always liked Toyota's RAV4, from its original mid-nineties incarnation to its current iteration. Never did get a first-generation RAV4, the breakthrough cute-ute that created the market segment. As a childless couple we simply had no need for a SUV or otherwise wagon-like vehicle. We did get a second-generation RAV4 when my wife was pregnant, in anticipation of our growing family, but we had to ditch it after the twins were born. After several months it was clear that with two babies we needed something much bigger, at least through the infant years, when carting around twin strollers and portable playpens everywhere we went seemed to be a necessity. So we traded it for a proper mothership (aka minivan). Fast forward eleven years to the present, we now have a fully electric version of the Gen 3 RAV4, which has evolved from the previous generation in size as well as from a drivetrain and refinement perspective.

I called the local Enterprise office the day before to ask them to pick me up as soon as they open in the morning, but they said to call back the next day since the pickup service can only be requested on the day of the rental. So I did, and an hour and a half later their driver finally swung by in a new Ram 1500 Hemi to pick me up (nice truck!). The delay foiled my plan to get to Flagstaff before sundown, but at least I got a ride in a truck I had my eye on for a few months... without a reasonably priced PHEV pickup entering the market in the near future, the 25mpg Ram 1500 Quad Cab diesel is currently the leading candidate for eventually replacing my aging '07 Ram 1500 Hemi.

As we pulled into the Enterprise facility, I crossed my fingers and hoped for a RAV4.  So when I spotted a blue fourth-generation RAV4 on the lot, I simply had to have it. How can I make it mine? One thought was that maybe if I bitched incessantly about how long it took them to send a car out to pick me up (well over an hour) and how long I've been standing in line (20 minutes, at least), they'd feel obliged to assign me the car of my choice. But that's not me. In the end, when I finally reached the counter, I chose the high road.

"You doing alright? Pretty busy in  here today," I sympathized. It was only 10am or so, but I swear the guy already had a 5 o'clock shadow and seemed a bit stressed.

"Yeah, looks like a lot of folks reserved last night. We're sold out now," he said, typing frantically at his terminal as I pulled out my driver's license and credit card.

"Wow, glad I reserved with you guys weeks ago. So is that my RAV4 out there?" I asked, facing the window for a moment.. He quickly glanced out at the lot, then turned his focus back to the terminal.

"Probably," he responded. "Let me look at something," he added, cracking a smile.

In a few minutes we were strolling toward the metallic blue RAV4. During the ding and scratch inspection, I spotted an AWD badge on the rear door. "Oh cool, that'll be handy in Flagstaff," I muttered. He heard me, and asked why I was renting. I told him we have three EVs and a guzzling V-8 truck, neither of which were ideal for the trip. He asked if I had a 500e and if I was using my free rental days. I said no, but that I thought that providing the rental program is a brilliant move by Fiat. After declining to take their additional insurance coverage or their gas at $2.50 a gallon, we chatted briefly about EVs (he was curious about the RAV4 EV and Volt), then bade each other farewell, and I started my week on ICE.

After a whole year of driving EVs almost exclusively, save for occasional in-town trips with the pickup, it's become a bit unsatisfying to drive a car powered exclusively by a 4-cylinder internal combustion engine. Fully laden with four humans and cargo to the ceiling, the ICE RAV4 protested with incredible rasp when asked to accelerate to freeway speeds, then aimlessly hunted for the right gear (it had six to choose from) when maintaining 75mph on a long uphill grade. In stark contrast, our RAV4 EV moves with extreme urgency in utter silence when beckoned, no matter how heavy the load is. And it never hunts for the right gear because, well, there is only one. Fifteen minutes into a seven-hour drive and I was already experiencing separation anxiety from our beloved collection of electrics.

My wife was disgusted. "This is the new RAV4? It seems so cheap. I like mine much more," she said. I was ready to argue at first, because I thought that the fit and finish of our rental was comparable to, if not better than her RAV4 EV. But I grunted in agreement instead, and figured she was turned off by the low-tech analog instrumentation and influenced unknowingly by the intrusive egg-beater sound of the 4-cylinder and aggravated by the transmission's seemingly nonstop, jerky gear-hunting. The silence of the electric drivetrain she has grown accustomed to goes a long way in boosting the perceived quality of the vehicle it's powering.

My frustration with the ICE drivetrain escalated as our altitude increased; it became harder and harder to keep up with the 90mph traffic as we traveled east on I-40. I had forgotten how much an ICE is affected by thin air. Not a problem with an electric, not even in the Volt, in my experience. My disappointment in Toyota's decision to exit the BEV market at this time amplified every time I floored the throttle.

After a couple of days in Flagstaff, I got over it and started liking the car. The current RAV4, especially in AWD form, is a nice package. It's great for hauling four people comfortably in inclement weather, gets an honest 28mpg on the highway, and it fits a lot of stuff in the way-back, even more than our third-gen RAV4 EV, which holds more than the first-gen Highlander Hybrid we once had, and is nearly as spacious back there as the current-generation Honda Pilot it replaced. As a bonus, thanks to AWD, the RAV4 rental was a blast when doing donuts and figure-eights on an icy parking lot. Just shut off the traction control, punch the Sport Mode button, and have at it.

By the time we were headed home from the five-day trek, I was hooked, and wished I could find a reason to keep one of these things. But we would only need to use it on family trips that are beyond the RAV4 EV's reach, which is at most several times a year. So to console myself I kept it for two more days; ended up driving around town a bit and took the boys up to the mountains to play in fresh snow on New Year's day.

In the end, the one-week rental totaled $258 including tax and fees. With side trips that included the Grand Canyon south rim and the meteor crater near Winslow, we traveled 1400 miles in 7 days, averaged 26mpg (most of the trip involved keeping up with traffic at 80+ mph), and spent $140 on gas. If we took the truck instead of renting the RAV4, the gas bill would be double that, so the weekly rental was at a net cost of $120, which in my mind was well worth it. A small price to pay to drive the heck out of someone else's car.

This got me thinking... is it possible to make the trek in a Tesla Model X? Doing a quick search on the Tesla forum and plugshare indicates that it is possible in an 85kWh Model S, but only by way of Vegas, or by impeding traffic for a good stretch of I-40 since the only supercharger between Barstow and Flagstaff is in Kingman. That would add at least a couple of hours of travel time to a drive that is already more than long enough to start with. So for me, ditching the Volt and the Focus Electric in favor of a Model X is not in the cards. Trading the Volt for a 2016 Volvo XC90 PHEV? Now that's plausible. We'll see... for now, we'll just keep calling Enterprise whenever we visit our family in Arizona.

Return to the Magic Kingdom

Oh, well. I guess like anything else that's done on a grand scale, it's just not the same the second time around. Back in April when we first charged up at Disneyland, The sight of ten dual-port Chargepoint EVSEs serving one long row of  EV-dedicated parking spaces was truly glorious. Now, seven months later, as I approached that hallowed ground in the Mickey and Friends parking garage, the wonder and amazement just wasn't there. Perhaps after seeing it once, such creations become reduced from a surreal dream-come-true experience down to mere expectations. And with so many EV parking spots available, my expectation was to pull in, swipe in, plug in, lock up, and then head toward The Magic Kingdom. Just like last time.

No such luck. As we approached, it was painfully clear that we arrived a few minutes too late. The last EV spot was just taken by the driver of a Fusion Energi that had just finished plugging in. Of the twenty or so spots, about a third were occupied by Volts. My older son was in awe...  our Volt is his favorite ride of the family fleet, so seeing seven in a row in the wild pretty much made his eyes pop out of his head. There were about the same amount of Prius plug-ins, a couple of LEAFs, a couple of Teslas, and a couple of Energis. All the plug-ins were plugged in, except for one - a white Model S. That Model S blocked one of the two spots that was within reach of an unused EVSE port. The other spot, which was all the way at the end of the row next to the motorcycle parking, was ICEd by a Toyota Camry.

I was a bit miffed, to say the least. There should have been two more spots left, but I was denied by an ICE that couldn't charge and a Tesla that didn't need a charge. I'm not sure which ticked me off more.

Improvised! Thankfully, Guest Services was okay with this.

I figured it was time to improvise. So I created an EV spot using three of the fifteen or so open motorcycle parking spaces, backing the RAV's charge port as close as possible to the unused EVSE without invading the Camry's personal space, ignoring my wife's egging on to inch right up to its front bumper. After swiping in, plugging in, and locking up, we were ready to go. But my wife was worried.

"What if you get a ticket?", she asked.

Confusing signage may have been a factor.

"By whom? Goofy? Pluto? Dumbo?", I responded.

"The police," she said, sternly.

"This is private property, and I don't see a posted sign giving them jurisdiction," I said, as if I really knew what the heck I was talking about. I actually didn't.

"What if they tow us?", she prodded.

"Oh, you mean with Mater?"

There was a long pause, a sigh, and a cold stare. So I backed off.

"Okay, I'll write a note to Disney Security, put it on our windshield, take some pictures, and then show the pictures to the good folks at Guest Services.We have to go there anyway. If they want me to move the car, I'll come back and move it while you and the boys enjoy the park. By then we'll have over an hour's worth of charge, which will top us off enough to get home as long we obey the speed limit and don't make any detours."

She was good with that, so we headed for the trams. Then out of the corner of my eye I noticed two familiar headlight patterns rolling past the row of plug-ins - one was a Model S, the other was the distinctive Angry Birds expression of a Focus Electric. As the Blue Candy Focus Electric passed us, I tapped on the window and told the driver that we have the improperly parked RAV4 EV back there, and that we can text her in about four hours when we're fully charged. She smiled and thanked us, then said she has just enough to get home, holding her thumb and index about an inch apart. "Good to hear," I said. She thanked us again as she pulled away.

The Guest Services representative was very understanding. She said she will radio the parking folks to make sure they are aware of our situation. I offered to give her our cell phone numbers in case she  needs to ask us to move our car, but she said not to worry and to just enjoy our time at the park. So we did.

Turns out the park was pretty packed, which partially explains the high demand for EVSEs. According to the Mousewait app, the crowd index was at 91/100...  almost full, on the Monday before Thanksgiving. In contrast, the crowd index was only 51 during our Spring Break visit last April; back then the EV spots were less than half-full. Despite the huge crowd, everyone had a good time. My wife got to see the Christmas parade at night and enjoy the Holiday decor. My older son met Captain America, flew in a Mark 42 Ironman suit, and mixed it up with pod racers after being chased by Imperial Forces because Darth Vader identified his brother as a Rebel Spy. My younger son (younger by two minutes, they're twins) got his fill of sensory overload on Space Mountain and Indiana Jones. And at the end of the day, we were swept into a different time and place while strolling down Main Street on our way out. The street gently darkened, leaving only Christmas lights and the castle illuminated. Snow started falling, dancing in the breeze above the buildings before fluttering down onto the heads and faces of smiling parents and delighted children. In the same fashion that we were immersed, the glimpse into the past was swiftly and softly lifted, returning Main Street to its bright, bustling normalcy. Disney magic at its best.

Back at the Mickey and Friends parking structure, every EV space was still occupied at 8pm, albeit with noticeable turnover. And from what I could tell, there were at least a half dozen plug-ins of various marques scattered amongst the non-charging spots that are shared between EVs and those with disability parking permits. Our RAV4 EV was still there, butted up against the nose of the Camry that denied us a proper space seven hours earlier. As I unplugged, my wife eyeballed that Camry and said I should write a note.

"I'm tired. Not worth the effort. And besides, I think it's your turn to write a note," I said, pointing to my message to Security on the RAV4's windshield. She took my note, ripped it in two, scribbled on the blank half, then stuck it under one of the Camry's wiper blades.

"So... what did you say?" I asked, curiously.

"THIS IS AN EV PARKING SPACE. DO NOT PARK HERE."

"Ah, good one," I said. "Short and sweet."

Just then, off in the distance, a young woman evidently watching us smiled and yelled, "Good for you!". She was unplugging a very cute sky blue 500e, and said she had to come back to the parking structure in the late afternoon to plug in when one of the spots opened up. She said she was glad to see that we figured out a way to work around that ICEd spot.

 Although the journey ended well, I do have a few lessons learned for next time, which could perhaps serve as guidance to those that haven't been there yet with their EV:

• Think twice before heading to Disneyland in a BEV when the Mousewait app says the park is nearly full. Chances are that demand for the EVSE spots will exceed capacity.
• If you still have to go, try to get there much earlier than 1pm, otherwise all the EVSE spots will  probably be taken. However, there should still be plenty of space to park in a non-EVSE spot.
• Don't completely trust the Chargepoint app when it comes to EVSE availability. There may be spots that are ICEd or occupied by plug-ins that aren't plugged in.
• Plan a break from the action in the park, if possible, to unplug and move to a non-charging spot after you're charged up. Even in the late afternoon, there may be wonderful folks like the driver of that 500e, monitoring their Chargepoint app, hoping for an open spot so that they can juice up to get home. 
• With a BEV, always have a Plan B.  

Yup, good ol' Plan B. Plan B on this trip was to crawl home in the slow lane in the unlikely event that we couldn't charge up at all. Or in my case, if I forgot to tell the RAV4 to override delayed charge settings, so it would charge immediately when plugged in at Mickey and Friends. So the ride home took a bit longer than planned, but we did get home without stopping. More on that later....

The Keeper

Each could not be more different from the other, with its own unique personality, behaviors, strengths, weaknesses, delights, and unfortunately, complete frustrations. It's not a surprise that folks sometimes ask... if I had to choose, which one would I keep? Which one is my favorite?

No, I'm not talking about offspring. However, now that I'm thinking of it, the boys are getting to an age where sometimes, if only for a split second, there just might be a clear choice between one or the other. Sarcasm, testing the limits, pleading ignorance, and other undesirable behaviors in general are surfacing all at once. Product of bad parenting? Perhaps. "Do as I say, not as I do," I demand of them repeatedly. Shouldn't that be enough?

Thankfully, that's not the hypothetical situation folks are really curious about. More often than not, when someone asks me which one I'd choose, they're interested in hearing a comparison between what's parked in our driveway -

 a Focus Electric, a Volt, and a RAV4 EV. A tough question, one that I've avoided answering here until now, because I love them all. The RAV4 EV and Volt were just added to the fleet, I reasoned, and wanted to have a chance to really live with the two for a while to make sure I don't render a decision borne out of haste or favoritism. It's been seven months since, so I figured it's about time.

That being said, my favorite is, and always has been, the Focus Electric. Of the three, I find that it offers the most enjoyable overall driving experience. It has the best handling characteristics, with qualities that instill confidence when tossing it around a bit. By the seat of my pants, it seems to have the quickest steering response, best roadholding ability, firmest suspension, and most predictable reactions to braking and throttle inputs when at or near the limit of adhesion in tight corners as well as sweeping turns. It's got some spunk from 20mph all the way up to its 85mph speed limiter. Nowhere near the acceleration of  the RAV4 EV, but in that range it seems to have much more than the Volt, which peters out disappointingly at about 40-50mph. The FFE has more than enough instantaneous oomph to catch territorial drivers of garden variety BMWs and Audis off-guard, so lane changes and passing are a breeze on Southern California freeways. Its only Achilles' heel, which is a crippling one at times, is its embarrassing 85mph cutoff.

The FFE also has the best cabin, as far as fit, finish, quality of materials, quietness, and driver comfort. In my book, it's tied with the Volt. Both the Volt and the FFE are at a level above the RAV4 EV, which suffers from cheap-feeling, easily stained seat materials, inadequate sound insulation, a low driving position with no adjustment for seat height, and awkwardly placed HVAC controls and displays that require the driver's line of sight to focus just left of the front passenger's knees while driving.

Speaking of controls and displays, the FFE's are by far the best of the three. I'll get into this in another article, but to summarize, it has the most comprehensive, intuitive center display that requires the least amount of user input to get to a particular function or readout. it also has an optimum balance of on-screen controls and hardwired buttons/knobs, and has the most customizable, least cluttered instrumentation display behind the steering wheel. The Volt suffers most from its frustrating center display; for almost any function or display you want, it will take at least one more stroke to get there on a Volt than it would using the FFE's MyFordTouch (MFT). Also, the Volt's

Chevy Volt Center Display

display doesn't even acknowledge that it's a wonderful plug-in, not just another hybrid; it needlessly emphasizes gasoline efficiency rather than electrical efficiency. There is so much space on its energy information display wasted by a big, useless green ball and MPG in huge font that there is no room to display data that an EV driver really cares about and can actually use to adjust driving behavior, such as Wh/mi or mi/kWh information. Current, trip average, and cumulative average of electrical efficiency and consumption are all essential info for an EV driver, but for the most part sorely missing in the current Volt. Hopefully the Gen 2 Volt addresses this deficiency.

As for the RAV4 EV's instrumentation - for me, it's a love/hate relationship, mostly hate. Overly complicated, center display screen resolution that rivals Pong and Minecraft, and way too many strokes to do almost anything related to the sound system. It's a freaking mess. Again, I will get into details of controls and displays for these EVs in a future article.

RAV4 Sport (ICE)

Finally, out of the three, I prefer the exterior features of the Focus Electric. Volt comes in  a very close second. That being said, the RAV4 body, although dated, looks pretty good for a Cute Ute when in EV trim. If it donned the fender flares and rims from the Sport model, it'd be quite the looker.

So in a nutshell, that's why the Focus Electric is my favorite of the three, primarily because it offers the best overall driving experience. But what if I had to whittle the fleet down to just one? Which one is the keeper? Perhaps unexpectedly, that would have to be the  RAV4 EV. By a longshot. Why? Well, despite its shortcomings, it excels at what is important in a scenario where I could only have one vehicle. In particular, it has the most cargo capacity, most passenger space, and highest electric range. With over 36 cu ft of space behind the rear seats, seats that are much more roomy than the Focus Electric or Volt, and a range of 100 miles on standard charge (and up to 140 miles on extended charge, in my experience), it's a no-brainer for me that the RAV4 EV is the one to keep if I could only have one.

In fact, it's the one I will buy upon lease termination, for a couple of  reasons. For one, its residual is virtually identical to the other two in the fleet, which is in the $20K-$21K range. From that perspective, it's a relative bargain. But the more compelling reason for me is that unlike the Volt and FFE, the RAV4 EV won't be available any more, in current nor improved form, after my lease is up in 2017. So I won't be able to trade it for a new one. The last 600 or so RAV4 EVs will be built and delivered to customers well before then, and no other manufacturer is planning to come to market with a similarly-sized and priced CUV/BEV in the next couple of years. Which is a shame, because the CUV segment could very well be the market that propels BEV acceptance beyond a niche level. Time will tell.

Eyeballing it

Are you one of those gifted types that can freehand a long, level, straight line with one smooth effortless stroke of a paintbrush? Not me. Far from it. In fact, I need all the help I can get to keep things straight around here. So when it came to adorning each of our EVs with California HOV stickers, I had to resort to tricks that I learned through net wisdom and from a couple of friends that are graphic artists.

Here's how the stickers arrive in the mail. One long strip. They also came with the some official paperwork to stuff in the glove box in case you are pulled over and need to prove that those stickers are assigned to your car. Installation instructions are also provided, but they only tell you where the big ones go and where the little ones go, sort of. No tips on how to stick them on straight.

If you're one of those gifted types, this is not an issue since you can probably just peel each of those stickers off the strip and slap them onto the car one after another, perfectly placed and aligned, creating an exact replica of the ideal world you visualized in your mind. However, if you're just a regular Joe like me, that strategy might not work out so well. Instead, you might want to try a method that allows for dry runs and includes visual aids while permanently affixing the stickers to the pristine finish or your new ride.

First off, get a pair of scissors and cut off the backing around each sticker. Perfection is not required, so leave enough margin while cutting around the curve so that you don't accidentally slice into the decal in the event something unexpected happens, i.e. you sneeze, the phone rings, maybe your kid bumps into you, a magnitude 6.6 earthquake hits.... you never know. But try to keep the cuts straight on the straight edges; you'll need those edges to line things up on the car.

Next, figure out where in general you want to stick those puppies and clean the areas. Some folks wax the areas to make it easier to remove when the HOV privilege expires or is revoked; I didn't. Too lazy. I just used Windex.

Now stick a couple of pieces of painter's tape on the back of the decals, rolled over itself so you can hang it on the car temporarily. I just used two pieces. If you are going around a curve, like on the sides of the rear bumper on a Fiat 500e, you might want to use more tape. Don't use garden variety masking tape, transparent tape, or duct tape. Use painter's tape. Other stuff is too sticky for me, and tends to leave adhesive residue on the car unless you wax the area first. Even then, it's harder to work with.

Okay, so after that, just slap the entire assembly on the car and move it around until you're happy with the way it looks. You can try lining it up with character lines, trim pieces, or some other feature on the body or bumper. Or you can use a laser level to line it up parallel the surface of the Earth... just make sure you're parked on a level surface. The point is that you can try out multiple positions and angles before committing.

After you've temporarily hung it on your car exactly where you want it, stick pieces of painter's tape along the straight edges of the sticker. The tape will serve as a guide when you're ready to permanently affix the sticker.

 

For the rear sticker, I used two pieces of tape as a guide. The right edges of each piece were used to line up the right corners of the sticker. It looks a little crooked here... I didn't use a laser level to line it up. I just eyeballed it (doh!). I also didn't step back 20 feet or so to see what it looked like from a distance before proceeding. However, installing the guides did help reveal the misalignment and I ended up straightening it out a little before committing.

 

For the side stickers, I used three pieces of tape as a guide. Prior to installing the guide, I used a laser level against the top straight edge of the sticker to level it with the surface of our planet. I first tried out having the sticker lined up with the lower crease on the bumper, but I didn't like the way it looked. So I just took it off and tried again, but used the level. Then I walked across the street and studied it for a moment from various angles to make sure I really got it straight, then framed the sticker with the painter's tape.

After all that, it was time to commit... I took the sticker off the car, removed the backing, and carefully lined up the corners and edges of the sticker with the pieces of tape, working the sticker's adhesive onto the car from the top corner, then across the top straight edge and straight side, and then diagonally across the rest of the sticker, trying not to form any bubbles. Finally, I removed the pieces of tape and stepped back to see if I screwed up or got lucky. Fortunately I got lucky, for the most part. Even the rear sticker came out okay; initially I thought it would look lame. But after parking it on the street later on to do the side stickers and staring at it from a couple of car lengths away, it looked pretty straight. Better lucky than good, right?

I think it took me about a half hour total to install all three stickers, including the time to trim the backing and take some pictures. Which to me was time well spent since I've seen way too many sticker installs while on the road and at charging stations that were so randomly misaligned and out of place that I couldn't help gawking at it, like staring a train wreck. I couldn't help looking and thinking, "How the heck did that happen?".

To the right are some photos of HOV stickers on our Volt and Focus Electric, for your consideration, in case you're like me and are prone to wasting way too much time trying to decide where to put the stickers before spending the short 30 minutes to install them. Sometimes seeing what others have done can help you quickly decide what you like. Or don't like.

For the Volt, I tried to line up the stickers with the lower valance all around. It looks okay, but my first choice was to stick them on the valance itself, at least for the side and rear stickers. I opted against it in case I felt the urge to Plasti-dip the valance for a monochrome look. In retrospect, even though I won't be painting the valance after all, I'm glad I didn't install them down there because I've seen a few Volts with their stickers peeling off of the textured black plastic.

On the Focus Electric, I went with how WattsUp, one of the prominent contributors to myfocuselectric.com, adorned his FFE with HOV decals. They're all level with the ground, and the side stickers wrap over the start of a character line that sweeps across the bumper. I thought it looked great on his car, so I followed suit.

Okay, so long story short  (yeah, yeah - too late like usual), here's my recommendation:

• Trim the backing to the shape of the decals and test fit them on the car by sticking them on temporarily with painter's tape. Try different positions. View your candidate placements from different angles and distances before committing. A laser level really helps if you want it level to the ground.
• When you find the perfect position, frame the sticker around its  straight edges with painter's tape. Then affix the sticker permanently using the painter's tape as a guide.

Good luck, I hope this helps!

Apples and Oranges

"Here tonight, we have, ah, apple and orange. We all different, but in the end, we all fruit."
     - Gus Portokalos, from My Big Fat Greek Wedding, 2002

In a post titled "Apples to Apples", I proposed an easy way to compare the costs of leases of identical duration... for each offer being compared, simply total up the drive-off and all the payments over the lease term. Just like in golf, the lowest total wins.

But what if you're mulling over whether to lease or buy a particular vehicle, with the end goal of owning it free and clear? Well, back in the old days when I used to lease ICE vehicles, circa 2013, I found it was pretty much a wash dollar-wise between leasing and buying, assuming that a leased vehicle would be bought for its residual amount at the end of the lease term. Lease charges over the three years seemed to be within spitting distance of finance charges on the first three years of a six-year loan, and the loan balance after three years was about the same as the residual on a lease. So typically I chose to lease because it resulted in lower payments, tax on only part of the negotiated sales price, and an easy out at lease termination.

With electric vehicles, the decision is sometimes a bit more complicated. Sometimes choosing a lease over a purchase with the intent to own isn't only about minimizing up-front cost, lowering monthly payments, and enjoying the convenience of haggle-free disposal at termination if you change your mind about keeping it. Total cost might be a major factor, because the cost comparison is muddied by the federal tax incentive for EVs. Top that with the fact that some manufacturers offer different rebates on the same vehicle that hinge on whether you buy or lease, and the least expensive path to ownership becomes even less clear.

Let's cut to the chase... Below is a comparison between leasing and purchasing for the Toyota RAV4 EV, Chevrolet Volt, and Ford Focus Electric. With the current offers available, it's significantly cheaper to buy the Volt and FFE rather than lease, so long as the plan is to keep the car for longer than 3 years.  As for the RAV4 EV, it's much cheaper to lease first, and then take ownership by paying the residual at lease termination. The Grand Total line in the table below sums it all up for each of the three vehicles.

For the RAV4 EV, I used the Carson Toyota offer posted in June 2014 on myRav4EV.com by Dianne Whitmire, which included both lease and purchase offers. The lease offer I used was for 12K miles/year. Clearly, the huge $16.5K rebate on a lease far outweighs the $10K total incentive (rebate plus federal tax credit) on a purchase, making the lease a much more desirable option. $38K with sales tax included and before any state incentive is a heck of a deal on a $50K vehicle. 

For the Volt, I took Rydell Chevrolet's offer from their June 16, 2014 print ad, which gave folks a choice between a $246/month + tax, 10K miles/year lease, or $4500 off of a purchase on top of a $1000 rebate, on base models with an MSRP of $34,995. What makes this lease offer unattractive for those wishing to keep the Volt longer than three years is the inflated residual value, a whopping 61% of the purchase price (aka capitalized cost in lease lingo). Most vehicles have a 50% or less residual for a 3-year lease; for example, the RAV4 EV deal shown above is at 41%, and the FFE deal is at 48%. I've heard FFE lease deals go as low as 41% to 43% on higher-mileage leases.  Where Toyota and Ford properly channel the federal tax benefit back to the consumer in the form of an immediate rebate, US Bank and Ally apparently decided to pocket the tax credit and then set the residual artificially high on their Volt leases to synthesize an attractive monthly payment. Bottom line... if you want to keep a Volt for the long haul, don't even consider leasing it. Buy it instead... $25K with tax included is a great deal for a shining example of what corporate America is capable of producing when they decide to do the right thing. And that's not even including any state incentives.

As for the Focus Electric, I didn't use an offer published by a dealership because, well, I just couldn't find any. So I took an recent killer lease deal posted on myfocuselectric.com by a forum member for an FFE with leather and premium paint, 10.5K miles/year. The deal was based on an offer that was initiated through the Costco Auto Program, which at the time was good for $1000 under invoice. In this case, the lease deal is incredible, but the deal on a purchase is epic. How many other new cars can be had for under $23000, tax included? Okay, so there's lots of them. But of those, how many have leather? And a rear camera? Navigation? Seating for five? More cargo space than a 3-series or C-class? Oh yeah, how about a fully electric drivetrain and a state rebate that would, at least in California, whittle down the cost to something pretty darn close to $20,000? All things considered, it seems that the FFE is currently the best $20K car that money can buy, electric or otherwise. One might argue that the killer deal I used as an example is unachievable for most folk since inventory is pretty slim in most areas. Unfortunately that's probably true for those outside of The Golden State, but it does serve as a well-documented benchmark. In my opinion, even if  you can only negotiate $1000 off of MSRP rather than $1000 under invoice, the FFE rebates still make for one of the best new car values on the planet.

The RAV4 EV, Volt, and Focus Electric probably represent three of the most extreme examples where the total dollars shelled out toward ownership are drastically affected by a choice between leasing and buying. There are others... for example, the BMW i3 currently has a $4875 lease incentive, but no purchase incentive. In this case it should be cheaper to buy the i3 rather than lease and then pay the residual. Why? Well, If the lease incentive is not more than $7500 over the purchase incentive, chances are that the lease will be a more expensive path to ownership.This comparison of the manufacturer incentives offered for leasing versus buying is probably the best indicator of which one is the cheaper path to ownership.

Another factor to consider, which you are probably already aware of but might be worth mentioning for others that are new to this, is whether or not your total federal tax liability next year will be large enough to take full advantage of that $7500 federal tax credit. If not, you should seriously consider using a lease as an instrument to finance your quest for ownership. Look at it as a loan with a low monthly installment for 3 years, and then one huge balloon payment in the end that can be financed with a used car loan.

One more thought... most folks don't pay cash when buying a new car. More likely than not, they will finance it. So for the case where a purchase looks better than a lease (i.e. FFE and Volt),  how should the interest on a loan be factored into the decision? My advice is to plug some numbers into an auto loan calculator, like this one on bankrate.com. Model a 7-year loan for the full purchase amount with tax, minus the fed rebate and any manufacturer rebates. Interest rate for such a loan looks to be about 2.5% to 3%. Then look at the total interest paid after 36 months into the loan. For the FFE and Volt examples above the total interest paid after 3 years will only be about $1400 to $1500, which is much less than the $4000 (FFE) to $8000 (Volt) benefit of buying over leasing. In other words, for the Volt and FFE, a financed purchase is still much cheaper than a lease if your intent is to keep the car for over three years.

Still clear as mud on which way to go? Just do the math both ways based on your situation, and let the numbers guide you. Need help? Post your numbers below, and I'd be happy to take a crack at it, see what we see...

The Disney Experience

This year, our original Spring Break plan was for us to take the boys on a six-day road trip to Flagstaff, Arizona and back to visit relatives that just moved there. About a thousand miles round trip, with detours to the Mojave National Preserve and Vegas or Laughlin to break up the trip there and back. With four vehicles in our family fleet, surely one would fit the bill, right? Well, the two BEVs - the Focus Electric and RAV4 EV - were out of the running. Both work incredibly well for the daily commutes that they were meant to serve, but their range limitations keep them from being used for day-long treks. That left the Volt and Ram Quad Cab. My wife cringed at the thought of spending hours on end in a small sedan like the Volt, and I balked at spending $300+ on gas for the truck to make the trip. The solution? For about $250 I could rent a 50mpg Prius V, or perhaps a 4-cylinder cute-ute, i.e. an ICE RAV4 or Escape, that nets 30+mpg on the freeway. Rental fees and gas would add up to about $50 to $75 more than gas for the Ram, but I like driving other people's cars once in a while anyway.  Problem solved.

Unfortunately, that plan was thwarted when it looked like we would have to be back in town much earlier than desired, due to last-minute scheduling of a doctor appointment, a critical meeting at work that I didn't want to miss, and a much-needed batting practice for one of the boys. We now only had three days available for a road trip, so anything out-of-state was out of the question. So I thought... why not take a BEV vacation?  Our destination would have to be less than 100 miles away - within the range of our RAV4 EV - and have a suitable charging infrastructure so we could juice up for the ride home. My wife chuckled. "Right, so where could we possibly go?" she asked.

I knew it was somewhat of a rhetorical question, but I answered anyway, with a hint of sarcastic enthusiasm. "Well, there's Bakersfield. Or Victorville. Lancaster, maybe even Mojave if we push it. Oh, I know... how about Riverside?"

She scoffed, as expected. She's not a big fan of dry heat and tumbleweeds.

"Or... we could go to Disneyland," I suggested.

"Oh, I like Disneyland," she responded.

And so it was decided. Naturally, the boys would be more than just fine with it.

I figured that would be her answer, so at that point I already researched charging opportunities in Anaheim. Turns out that Disneyland has ten 2-port Chargepoint L2 EVSEs, with positive reviews in plugshare.com. Which is quite fortunate, because from what I could see, none of the hotels in the area claimed to have any L1 or L2 charging provisions. I was still a little worried though, since we didn't have a backup charging location in case Disneyland's EV spots were all occupied or inoperative. So just for good measure, I charged the RAV4 to 100%, aka extended charge, instead of the usual 80%, netting an expected 120-mile range, give or take. We live 59 miles away from Disneyland, so theoretically we could make it there and back on one extended charge if we really had to; worst case I would just have to look for a place to stop for an hour or two on the way home.

Like anything else that is Disney, it was a glorious sight, and of a grand scale... I spotted the row of over 20 EV charging spots, backlit by bright sun shining through an opening between the high ceiling and a ramp from the second floor. Easy to find, after paying $16 and obtaining directions from smiling cast members, then following the signage on the ground floor of the Mickey and Friends parking structure. It was by far the biggest EV charging site I've seen to date. Also in proper Disney tradition, the charging fees were pricey, at 35.5 cents per kilowatt-hour. Sure, that's about  the same as charging a Volt or Energi on a $1/hour public EVSE since they have 3.3kW chargers, but that's twice the price or more if you have a BEV with a 6.6kW or better on-board charger. It's almost as bad as paying $3 for a bottle of water or $4 for a bag of Cheetos, or over $90 to get through the front gates. Almost, but not quite.

As far as availability, turned out I had nothing to worry about... on late Wednesday morning there were only two EVs juicing up when I got there, a shiny blue Fit EV and a Volt. Thursday was a slightly different story; only six EV spots were left by the time we got there at 1pm. Several were taken by Volts that weren't hooked up, and one holier-than-thou Model S driver thought he deserved two spots. Someone needed to bring their old beater car and park it so close to that Model S that its door handles would have had no room to perform their erection routine. Is it really that hard to back into a space? I do it all the time in the RAV4 EV. What a jerk.

Other than that, the overall EV experience at Disney was just fine. The EV parking spots are carved out of the existing huge disabled parking area, so it's relatively close to the tram that takes you to the front gates of the Disneyland, California Adventure, and to Downtown Disney.

With only six spots left on a pretty light day -  crowd index in the parks ranged from 51 to 67 per that invaluable Mousewait app - I'm wondering what the Disney charging situation is like on busy weekends. Fortunately I won't have to find out. But with the year-over-year increase of EVs in California, there may be a need in the near future for them to somehow enforce etiquette, or perhaps just install more EVSEs. I think the smartest thing for them to do would be to install 120v outlets and provide free L1 charging. They can easily make their money back on the install since folks on L1 chargers would probably stay longer and buy more of those three-dollar bottles of Dasani and four-dollar bags of Cheetos.

I'm sure they'll do something. Disney has always been great at improving and enhancing The Disney Experience for locals, tourists, and those with special needs. And they're certainly off to a good start on taking care of early adopters like us.

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RELATED ARTICLE: Return to the Magic Kingdom - Charging at Disneyland on a crowded day

Indoor Plumbing

“Celebrate now, knowing that one day EVs will be as common as indoor plumbing, and there will be no reason to celebrate.”

That’s how I wrapped up a post last September on supporting National Plug-in Day, titled “It’s Just a Car.”

It’s now February 2014, and as one might expect, EVs still have a long, long way to go to achieve the popularity of that very essential porcelain throne found  in every first-world home, thankfully invented by Sir John Harington in the 16th century, then improved by Thomas Crapper in the 1800s. But on this little patch of real estate that my family and I call home, that far-fetched day has come to pass. Three plug-in electrics are now parked in the driveway of our four-bedroom, three-bath home. An EV to match every toilet in the house, that was my goal, and that’s why they’re all white.

Of course I’m joking. It really happened because I’m a cheapskate, plain and simple. Just ask my wife, she will nod in affirmation while laughing hysterically.  A little over a year ago, we were shelling out over $500 every month for gas. When the Focus Electric joined the herd, our gasoline consumption was cut by over a third. This year, after replacing the Focus Electric’s aging ICE backup with a new Volt in January, then trading in my wife’s 2013 Honda Pilot for a fresh RAV4 EV last Sunday, our gas bill should be less than $20/month.  Twenty bucks should cover four gallons of regular to be consumed by an ’07 Dodge Ram Hemi driven maybe once a week at the most, and about three quarts of premium since the Volt, which will serve as a commuter twice a week, needs somewhere between a cup and a pint of gas after its battery is depleted to complete the 38-mile daily trek back home that takes me from sea level to all the way up to a 1200ft elevation.

Commuting daily in the Focus Electric consumed about $60 of electricity per month last year. I expect that to increase slightly with using Volt for two out of the five commuting days since the Volt has a slow 3.3kW L2 charger that costs me about 40% more than the Focus to fully replenish when hooked up to the $1/hour L2 EVSEs at work. The RAV4 EV, serving as our new Mother Ship that’s used to chauffeur the boys around town and run errands to the big box stores, shouldn’t cost more than $30/month to charge nightly, so in total I’m guessing that we’ll be spending about $100-$120/month on electricity and gas, much less than the $500+ per month that we were spending at the pump back in 2012.

I knew that as a household we would eventually end up transitioning to mostly electric, but not this soon. Maybe in several years, when choices should be even more diverse and battery costs should have fallen even more. What drove the urgency is that the 40,000 California HOV green stickers for plug-in hybrids and EREVs are running out by this summer, and so far there has been no indication that CARB will increase that. Another thing that’s expected to deplete in a matter of months is the RAV4 EV; expectation is that Toyota is building only 2600 … so when Carson Toyota advertised killer lease deals with zero drive off and payments that were nearly equal to our lease payment on the 2013 Pilot, I signed on the dotted line.

So that’s really the  reason why we have three EVs in the driveway. It all comes down to saving pennies. Forty thousand pennies every single month, in my case. And as a bonus, I’m helping to save the planet, which is cool. Nothing to do with indoor plumbing, except for the fact that I hated flushing so much hard-earned cash down the Crapper.